(I-L) ProKNU::KNU-VENUS expression pattern shows ovules at MMC differentiation stage (I,J) and meiosis stage (K,L). (B,D,F,H) Images merged with bright-field and cell wall staining by calcofluor white (cyan) images. (A-H) Dotted line highlights ovule primordia. (G,H) Magnified views of the area outlined by the dotted rectangles in E,F. (A-H) Expression pattern of ProWUS::3×VENUS-N7 in placentae at stage 9b (A,B) and stage 9c (C-F). Scale bars: 20 μm.Īsynchronous ovule development during all stages in the same placentae. (E-N) White arrowheads indicate the young batch of ovule primordia red arrowheads indicate the old batch of ovule primordia. (I,L) The distribution of DII-n3×Venus (J,M) the distribution of mDII-ntdTomato (K,N) images merged with calcofluor white (blue) stained cell wall images. (I-N) Distribution of R2D2 in placentae at floral stage 9a (I-K) and stage 9b (L-N). The dotted rectangles in G,H indicate one small ovule with low PIN1-GFP signal levels between two large ovules with high PIN1-GFP signal. (F,H) Images merged with calcofluor white (cyan) stained cell wall images. (E-H) Distribution of ProPIN1::PIN1-GFP in placentae at floral stage 9a (E,F) and stage 9b (G,H). White dotted lines highlight the young batch of ovule primordia in A-D red dotted lines highlight the old batch of ovule primordia (C,D). (B,D) Images merged with the bright-field images.
(A-D) Distribution of ProCUC3::CFP in placentae at floral stage 9a (A,B) and stage 9b (C,D). The signals of different markers in the process of ovule primordia initiation. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd. Taken together, our results illustrate that the ovule primordia initiate asynchronously and the hormone signals are involved in the asynchrony.Īsynchrony Auxin Brassinosteroid Ovule initiation. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrates numerous known regulators of ovule development and hormone signaling, and many new genes are identified that are involved in ovule development.
Brassinosteroid signaling positively regulates ovule number by promoting placentae size and ovule primordia initiation through strengthening auxin response. We have established computational modeling to show how auxin dynamics influence ovule primordia initiation.
PIN-FORMED1 polar distribution and auxin response maxima correlate with ovule primordia asynchronous initiation. The expression pattern of different marker genes during ovule development illustrates that this asynchronicity continues throughout whole ovule development. The first group of ovule primordia grows out, the placenta elongates, the boundaries of existing ovules enlarge and a new group of primordia initiates from the boundaries. Here, we report that ovules initiate asynchronously. The detailed processes of ovule initiation have not been accurately described, although two connected processes, gynoecium and ovule development, have been investigated. Plant ovule initiation determines the maximum of ovule number and has a great impact on the seed number per fruit.
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